War And Trauma In Tim O’Brien’S “The Things They Carried”.

War and Trauma in Tim O’Brien’s â€Å"The Things They Carried† Often in literature, we find ourselves reading stories with layers upon layers of meanings found in them. Tim O’Brien’s â€Å"The Things They Carried† is no exception to this idea. O’Brien tells his story in such a way that as we read the complex descriptions of what the characters are experiencing, the line between fiction and reality are often blurred. This helps further advance our understanding of the issue Tim O’Brien is trying to portray. Throughout the duration of the novel, O’Brien takes a deep, personal look at the various and profound effects war has on a man thorough the eyes of a number of different characters. These characters describe the many ways soldiers carry the†¦show more content†¦The simple idea of Vietnam itself causes Jensen to panic. He believes that everyone is his enemy, and the distinction between who is on his side and who isn’t disappears, causing him to lose all sense of security and trust. In a way, all of the characters share the feeling of false security, even though it is much more apparent in a select few. Regardless, the soldiers all show signs of weakness at points throughout the novel. But is it really even weakness at all? The horrors of war, the constant fear and isolation from all you’ve ever known previously stacks up to the point where it’s impossible to stay â€Å"strong†. After all, it was Vietnam, where the overwhelming ambiguity of it all wreaks havoc on the characters minds. The uncertainty of war itself has a major impact on the characters throughout the novel. The boundaries between right and wrong are repeatedly broken, causing the characters to lose the basic morals they lived by before being sent to war. O’Brien describes the lack of clarity that comes with war through his characters actions. The soldiers often find temporary justification of the trauma they experience through more pain, such as when Rat Kiley deals with his grief and pain after losing his best friend Curt Lemon by repeatedly shooting a baby water buffalo. At any other time, we can assumeShow MoreRelatedTim OBriens The Things They Carried: An Analysis1542 Words   |  6 PagesStudent Network Resources Inc.  ©2003-2010 ________________________________________________________________________ Tim OBriens The Things They Carried is a short story told in the form of a catalogue. OBriens title provides both an accurate description of how the story is organized mainly by lists, with the narrative seeming an almost accidental intrusion but also as a sort of recurrent musical refrain in the text itself. The title phrase is repeated at semi-regular intervals in theRead More Relationship between Fiction and Reality Explored in The Things They Carried1214 Words   |  5 PagesReality Explored in The Things They Carried      Ã‚  Ã‚   In many respects, Tim OBriens The Things They Carried concerns the relationship between fiction and the narrator. In this novel, OBrien himself is the main character--he is a Vietnam veteran recounting his experiences during the war, as well as a writer who is examining the mechanics behind writing stories. These two aspects of the novel are juxtaposed to produce a work of literature that comments not only upon the war, but also upon theRead MoreHeroism In Tim OBriens The Things They Carried1684 Words   |  7 Pagesthe war heroes in movies such as Saving Private Ryan and American Sniper. However, the glorified heroism that is depicted in these films is far from the reality that is war. A more realistic rendition of war is seen in Tim O’Brien’s short story, The Things They Carried. Throughout the story, O’Brien uses metafictional characters to portray the physical and emotional burdens carried by American soldiers who were forced to conform to societal expectations upon being drafted for the Vietnam War. TheRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien1377 Words   |  6 PagesTyler Nooney Trafford P.6 The Things They Carried Essay The central theme and true meaning of courage is shown vividly in numerous instances throughout Tim O’Brien’s classic novel The Things They Carried. O’Brien’s novel begins with the courage of coming of age, along with the author’s loss of his innocence. Tim, the protagonist of this novel, goes through an incredible change in belief when he must choose to either run away from the Vietnam War or unwillingly join the bloody battle, of which heRead MoreThe Man I Killed, By Tim O Brien1580 Words   |  7 Pageshe has, and ever will have; and in War, death is inescapable. Vietnam War veteran Tim O’Brien was drafted to fight in the War in 1969 and states in the book as his â€Å"character/narrator† self that he attempted an escape to Canada out of fear. But the stronger fear of people being ashamed of him took over and had him turning back to home to enlist in the U.S. Army. O’Brien published The Things They Carried in 1990 and explo red the physical and mental realms of war-time combat with stories. These storiesRead MoreThe Things They Carried1417 Words   |  6 Pages In The Things They Carried, Tim O’Brien tells the tale of not about war, but rather about war’s effect on one’s mentality. Ultimately, this novel is built on a foundation of the items that the soldiers of the Vietnam War carried. Whether it was the way Jimmy Cross uses the pebble to escape from his duties as a soldier or when Norman Bowker realizes that courage comes form within, not from receiving a Silver Star; O’Brien uses baggage as a symbol throughout the book to teach that war does in factRead MoreAn Analysis Of Tim O Brien s Things They Carried1183 Words   |  5 Pagestheme, and many more. Tim O’Brien’s Things They Carried depicts a fragmented stories about his and other soldiers’ experiences that occurred in the Vietnam War. Similarly, the poem, â€Å"Facing It† shows a so ldier who returns to the Memorial of the Vietnam War where he recalls his own trauma in the war as he looks at the stones. Both the prose, Things They Carried and the poem, â€Å"Facing it† conveys the similar theme where they are struggling to overcome the trauma of the war and face the reality. HoweverRead MoreAnalysis Of O Brien s 1954 Words   |  8 PagesOn another subject, not everyone is sure of the accuracy of O’Brien’s novel. One source truly doubts the truth within the story. The author writes that O’Brien’s past â€Å". . . in turn spins the dazzling intricate webs of imagination and memory that constitute his fiction† (Franklin). Another source mentions â€Å". . . these stories--some fully developed, some no more than anecdotes . . .† (Jones). Franklin believes that as a result of the experiences O’Brien endured, his memory is less than accurate. HeRead MoreSymbolism in The Things They Carried Essay1104 Words à ‚  |  5 PagesA. Park The Things They Carried The symbols in Tim O’Brien’s â€Å"The Things They Carried† are essential to understanding the soldiers and their lives during the Vietnam War. At the opening of the story, Lieutenant Jimmy Cross would dig into his foxhole and read the letters while imagining romance with Martha; however, at the end of the story after the death of Ted Lavender, he â€Å"crouched at the bottom of his foxhole and burned Martha’s letters† (402). The inner feelings of Cross would be mistakenlyRead More Myth of Courage Exposed in The Things They Carried Essay2662 Words   |  11 Pageslooks fine and noble if he goes down in war, hacked to pieces under a slashing bronze blade he lies there dead. . .but whatever death lays bare all wounds are marks of glory. (Homer 22.83-87)  Ã‚   As students we are brainwashed by ancient myths such as The Iliad, where war is extolled and the valorous warrior praised. Yet, modern novels such as Tim OBriens The Things They Carried (THINGS) challenge those very notions. Like The Iliad, THINGS is about war. It is about battles and soldiers, victory

Pediatric Patients In Emergency Department â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Pediatric Patients In Emergency Department? Answer: Introduction Emergency rooms are mainly referred as the first line of defence to treat a patient from accidents, heart problems, allergic reactions and also some other kinds of urgent care. These nurses used to work immediately according to the needs of the patient and prioritizing on the basis of the needs of the patient. The paediatric emergency room nurse provides the care to the newborns to 18 year old children, who need immediate care for their critical conditions such as diabetes, haemophilia, asthma, fractures, paediatric crisis and some other illness. This paper provides a brief discussion about the inability of nurses in providing holistic care to paediatric patients in emergency department due to fast pace environment. Issue faced by the nurses of emergency department The nurses in the emergency department are to treat the patients in case the emergency (Dean, and Oetzel, 2014). A paediatric unit in the emergency department is the toughest environment to handle. When children are admitted to the management department they are normally assisted by their parents. In case of very small children aged 1-3 years who dont know to express their pain and agony (Dean, and Oetzel, 2014). So while working as a paediatric nurse in the emergency department, a nurse must be able to handle the patient and their family very comfortably. The issues faced by the nurse in the emergency department are that the nurses had to work very hard. They had to mange many of the critical patients at one time (Hockenberry, Wilson and Rodgers, 2016). Some of them are the victims of child abuse or other terrible conditions. The stress is the most common problem of the nurses the fast pace environment of the emergency department. Some other problems are critical patients along with their family, lack of the practice settings, crowding and inconvenient schedules (Hockenberry, Wilson and Rodgers, 2016). Literature review supporting the issues As per American foundation of paediatrics (2013), children who require Emergency treatment must need the holistic care, especially when they are children and are vulnerable to any type of risks. The main part of sick and vulnerable children is assessed by a group of doctor at Emergency Department (EDs). Likewise, Emergency medical services (EMS) provide the main part of the healing facility in providing emergency care to kids (Byczkowski et al., 2013). It is necessary that all clinic EDs have the suitable systems, instruments (pharmaceuticals, hardware, approaches, and training) and staff to give successful emergency care to kids. As indicated by Baruch et al. (2016), pain is a common issue in children those are admitted to the emergency department with critical diseases, intense wounds, and stimulation of serious issue. Non-pharmacological intercessions, helps to pharmacological administration for intense pain and agony, are represented by growth of the disease (Beck et al., 2015). Most emergency room cases are identified with injury and damage, which implies medical nurses, must be quick on their feet and act rapidly to contain the hazardous circumstances. Indeed, even with disease bound cases, an ER visit would mean increasing the spread of an issue that would again require exceptional preparing to explain quick issues on the spot (Dudley et al., 2015). As a rule, youngsters conveyed to general ERs confront a similar surge and disorder that underlines all ER conditions. While ER staff are all around prepared, capable and merciful, they are confronted with gigantic strain to deal with and viably watch over all patients who come in through their entryways. In such a situation it is troublesome for them to give centered care to the little ones, in any event the kind they merit (James, Nelson and Ashwill, 2014). Discussion Holistic care is a model of caring that is believed to be the core study of the medical science. This type of care mainly emphasizes that for the perfect treatment of a human being a patients total care is needed rather than treating part by part. accounting to Zamanzadeh et al. (2015), it can be stated that holistic care is mainly affected by many of the factors. Those factors are unavailability of time, poor professionalism of nurses; lack of education, workload pressure and many more (Zamanzadeh et al. 2015). Factors Supporting the Future Development of Enhanced ED Nursing in Ireland There are ways to improve the holistic care in the emergency unit. The nurse must use a therapeutic touch and try her best o preserve the dignity of the patient. It is the duty of the nurse to educate her patient about the importance of the patients self-care. The nurse must also ask the patients the ways she can reduce the anxiety of the patient and make them comfortable. The patients must be encouraged to deal with their sickness and help them to overcome their physical problems with ease. The National Council has started and formalized the procedures for creating improved practice in crisis nursing in Ireland (James, Nelson and Ashwill, 2014). Likewise, various different advancements have additionally occurred to help the improvement of these parts. Supporting variables for future advancement include: The National Council CNS and ANP systems (NCNM 2007, 2008), which give the layouts and depict the procedures for creating CNS and ANP posts. The role of the CNS includes the early intervention of the nursing techniques, creative and recreational activities and promotion of the health condition which sometimes include intervention. Funding from the National Council that backings site and part advancement for ANP posts and basic training programs which concentrate on aptitudes improvement and empowering development in clinical practice (Ellenby and Marcin, 2015). A well ordered manual for efficiently survey benefit require and distinguish future territories for benefit improvement has been nitty gritty by the National Council (NCNM 2005b). The Scope of Nursing and Midwifery Practice Framework (ABA 2000), that looks after the assurance, survey and increase in the extent of training. Extent of training can be characterized as 'the scope of parts, capacities, duties and the expertise that are enlisted as instructed, skilled nursing practice'. The system recognizes the advancing parts of medical caretakers and separates between the expressions "development" and 'augmentation', supporting the previous (McKinney et al., 2017). Besides, it features the standards and qualities that ought to support part improvement and extension. These, thusly, illuminate the standard of training for which medical caretakers are responsible. Holistic care is the basis of nursing and midwifery care and this involves the physical, social and mental care of the patients. It includes the assessment of the individual care and the strategies that is required to promote and maintain the quality of the healthcare services. National and territorial demography, the study of disease transmission and geology. Guidance for creating singular portfolio archives to help self-improvement arranging (NCNM 2006). Competency Development for Enhanced Roles Keeping in mind the end goal to guarantee protected and powerful care ED attendants require improvement and upkeep of particular skills. Capabilities are created in various courses, for example, formal instruction programs, proceeding with proficient improvement, clinical introduction, clinical supervision and experience (Carter, Pouch and Larson, 2014). There are some of the factors that is necessary in providing the holistic care to the ED patients. The attending nurse should respect the role of the patient in his treatment procedure. There must be leaders in this profession in order to carry out a holistic care to the patients in the ED. The nurses must work in a interprofessional collaborative manner which would help to improve the health condition of the patient. The quantity of medical caretakers who hold a particular post-enrollment capability in crisis nursing is on the expansion. Such courses are at present conveyed at level 8 and level 9 on National Qualifications Authority of Ireland (NQAI) Framework (Nordn, Hult and Engstrm, 2014). Furthermore there are various advanced and also some postgraduate recognitions in authority nursing, for example, care for respiration and care of more seasoned people that can help in supporting the improvement of upgraded nursing parts in the ED (Martin and Ciurzynski, 2015). Comparison of Clinical Decision-Making and Core Competency Levels The levels of clinical basic leadership and capabilities required for a part is basic to the thought of administration require. The staff nurse, CNS and ANP have particular parts and obligations. These parts are characterized by the extent of training, level of clinical basic leadership, instructive readiness, duty and resulting independence connected to the parts. CNS planning must incorporate a significant level 8 post-enrollment capability, and the ANP, pertinent level 9 capabilities. The holistic care enables the patient in making decisions regarding their treatment. Center skills for CNS and ANP parts are unmistakably delineated in the National Council system archives (NCNM 2007, 2008). Holistic care is a comprehensive care model and is largely dependent on the experiences of the nurses who have been providing holistic care to the ED patients. The provision of the holistic care can be achieved by providing the adequate education and management to the nurses. The clinical career pathway empowers ED medical caretakers to keep on practicing in their picked clinical zone while enabling them to build their levels of duty, build up extra aptitudes and pick up mastery (Peggy Berry, 2013). This encourages larger amounts of clinical basic leadership through suitable appraisals and intercessions for ED patients in a convenient and powerful way. In accordance with the Scope of Nursing and Midwifery Practice Framework (ABA 2000), medical attendants create particular capabilities, some of which are viewed as upgraded parts, for example, venipunctures, asking for analytic tests and recommending. Conclusion This paper gives a report on improvements in crisis nursing and distinguishes key parts of part advancement for enhanced nursing practice inside a crisis setting. It diagrams the territories that require assist advancement so as to upgrade benefit. A concentrated needs evaluation direct for chiefs is furnished with a few cases from training to layout particular patient caseloads and represent the assortment of parts that exist. Improved nursing parts are one of the basic significance to help the Health Service Executive's intends to upgrade mind conveyance in the Emergency Department. It is conceived that this report will help in distinguishing the proper movement of a scope of posts and improved parts inside EDs. Advancement of nursing practice ought to be with regards to multi-disciplinary, multi-talented groups. National, local and neighbourhood rules and systems ought to give the procedure and clinical principles considered as the best practice by all individuals from the multi-disciplinary group. The National Council invites exchanges with specialist co-ops and medical caretaker supervisors of EDs as to enhance nursing practice. The National Council will keep on providing classes, telephonic, web and email support, and website visits to advance post improvement. The paper also provides some practices of holistic care which states that adequate education, encouragement and management systems will help the nurses to carry out a holistic nursing care to the patients. It is also been concluded that the holistic care involves the patients in their own treatment procedures. The above discussion also showcases the duty of the nurses to respect a patients will and make them comfortable in order to carry out a holistic care to the ED patients. References Alisic, E., Conroy, R., Magyar, J., Babl, F. E., ODonnell, M. L. (2014). psychology care for seriously injured children and their families: A qualitative study among Emergency Department nurses and physicians. Injury, 45(9), 1452-1458. American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Pediatric Emergency Medicine, American College of Emergency Physicians, Pediatric Committee, Emergency Nurses Association. (2013). Joint policy statementguidelines for care of children in the emergency department. Journal of Emergency Nursing, 39(2), 116-131. Beck, M. E., Lineer, M. M., Melzer-Lange, M., Simpson, P., Nugent, M., Rabbitt, A. (2015). Medical providers understanding of sex trafficking and their experience with at-risk patients. Pediatrics, 135(4), e895-e902. Bogenschutz, M. P., Donovan, D. M., Mandler, R. N., Perl, H. I., Forcehimes, A. A., Crandall, C., ... Lyons, M. S. (2014). Brief intervention for patients with problematic drug use presenting in emergency departments: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA internal medicine, 174(11), 1736-1745. Byczkowski, T. L., Fitzgerald, M., Kennebeck, S., Vaughn, L., Myers, K., Kachelmeyer, A., Timm, N. (2013). A comprehensive view of parental satisfaction with pediatric emergency department visits. Annals of emergency medicine, 62(4), 340-350. Carter, E. J., Pouch, S. M., Larson, E. L. (2014). The relationship between emergency business crowding and patient outcomes: a systematic review. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 46(2), 106-115. Dean, M., Oetzel, J. G. (2014). Physicians perspectives of managing tensions around dimensions of effective communication in the emergency department. Health communication, 29(3), 257-266. Dudley, N., Ackerman, A., Brown, K. M., Snow, S. K., American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Emergency Nurses Association Pediatric Committee. (2015). Patient-and family-centered care of children in the emergency department. Pediatrics, 135(1), e255-e272. Ellenby, M. S., Marcin, J. P. (2015). The role of telemedicine in pediatric critical care. Critical care clinics, 31(2), 275-290. Hockenberry, M. J., Wilson, D., Rodgers, C. C. (2016). Wong's Essentials of Pediatric Nursing-E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences. James, S. R., Nelson, K., Ashwill, J. (2014). Nursing Care of Children-E-Book: Principles and Practice. Elsevier Health Sciences. Martin, H. A., Ciurzynski, S. M. (2015). Situation, background, assessment, and recommendationGuided huddles improve communication and teamwork in the emergency department. Journal of Emergency Nursing, 41(6), 484-488. McKinney, E. S., James, S. R., Murray, S. S., Nelson, K., Ashwill, J. (2017). Maternal-Child Nursing-E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences. Nordn, C., Hult, K., Engstrm, . (2014). Ambulance nurses experiences of nursing critically ill and injured children: A difficult aspect of ambulance nursing care. International emergency nursing, 22(2), 75-80. Peggy Berry MSN, R. N. (2013). Stressful incidents of physical violence against emergency nurses. Online journal of issues in nursing, 18(1), 76. Zamanzadeh, V., Jasemi, M., Valizadeh, L., Keogh, B., Taleghani, F. (2015). Effective factors in providing holistic care: A qualitative study.Indian journal of palliative care,21(2), 214.

Adult Learning Assumptions

Adult Learning Assumptions Six Key Assumptions Provided by Knowles Knowles’s work is narrowed to the analysis of theories of adult learning. His concept of andragogy is the most well-known theory of adult development. Hence, the scope of Knowles (2005) model is based on the six basic assumptions concerning adults and their attitude to learning:Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Adult Learning Assumptions specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Adults are more self-directed rather than dependent; The main resource for learning is constant accumulation of experience; Their desire to acquire knowledge and to learn is predetermined by their social roles; Adult are considered to be more subject-oriented rather problem-oriented in the course of learning; They believe that internal motivations are less powerful as compared with the external ones; Finally, it is important for adult learners to know why it is crucial to learn something (Knowles et al., 2005). All these assumptions are considered to be critical for designing effective educational models for adult learners. Analysis of the Assumptions with Regard to Other Critical Evaluations The above-presented assumptions have been reviewed and evaluated by other scholars engaged into the study of adult learning, including various theories and models. Merriam et al. (2007) agree with some assumptions provided by Knowles. In particular, the researchers single out three main methods for transformational learning: development, experience and critical reflection. They also consider experience as an important factor for creating a great opportunity for adult learners. MacKeracher (2004) also assumers that â€Å"Knowles clearly succeeded in encouraging adult educators to be more critically reflective about their assumptions about adult learners and adult learning† (p. 24). Despite the fact that some assumptions are quite logical and consistent, Merriam et al. (2007) con tend that Knowles succeeded only in introducing a teaching theory rather than the model for adult learning. In particular, they state that there is an ambiguity in Knowles’s assumptions concerning the theory orientation. In particular, they believe that it is hard to define whether this theory is designed for teaching or learning, for adults or for children. Knowles’s Two Assumptions That Almost Wrong Much critics and discontent is connected with his assumptions about adults orientation on subjects and their readiness to move from dependence to self-directed approaches to learning. Therefore, the first and the fourth assumptions are considered to be wrong and this can also be proven by other scholarly researches in this field.Advertising Looking for research paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Hence, as it has been mentioned before, MacKeracher (2004) presupposes that these assumptions a re quite controversial. In particular he believes that â€Å"[t]he change from ‘self-directed’ to ‘increasing self-directness’ and from ‘problem centered’ to ‘performance-centered’ did not satisfy those who saw the Knowles’ distinction between child and adult learning as being based on assumptions that would not hold up under close scrutiny’† (pp. 23-24). Second, the falsity of assumption also lies in some psychological characteristic of a person. Hence, some adults are not self-directed because they need some support and guidance in learning, whereas there are children who are internally directed and independent in learning (Comings, Garner, and Smith, p. 203). Knowles’ Two Assumptions That are Almost Right With regard to the studies and theories examined by scholars (Merriam et al. 2007, MacKeracher, 2004, Comings et al. 2004), the second and the third assumptions are considered to be quite consistent and appropriate for andragogical learning conceptions. All of them agree with the assumption that experience is reservoir of knowledge and the main underpinning of a learning process. Merriam et al. (2007) believe that a person’s accumulated experience provide relevant and effective opportunities and is closely connected with the learning process. The researchers also believe that experience is a significant aspect affecting adult learners’ ability to obtain, accumulate, and transfer knowledge. According to MacKeracher (2004), â€Å"Adults accumulate experience and prior learning over their lifetime, the older they grow, the more past experience and prior learning they bring to bear on current learning† (p. 33). Interpreting this, the researcher completely agrees with the fact that experience is the main underpinning for learners’ development. More importantly, experience is the source for creating and developing strategies and skills for reflecting and o rganizing reaction and interaction in the present. Coming et al. (2004) support Knowles’s third assumption about the influence of social context on the learning process. The scholars insist on the fact that contextual environment play a decisive role in adults development and knowledge accumulation (Coming et al, 2004, 209).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Adult Learning Assumptions specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Indeed, context based learning can tale place in the working environment where adults are interacting, becoming the parts of community. Therefore, the result of adults’ learning development largely depends on the social environment they are surrounded by as well as social roles adults perform. Conclusion Knowles’s (2005) assumptions about adult learning have created a plethora of contradictions that have been critically accepted by other scholars. Hence, his assumptions about adults’ self-directed orientation and problem-centered method of learning have not been supported by the other researcher. This is explained by arguments correlated with psychological development of individuals. However, his arguments about experience and social role have been widely accepted by the scholars. In particular, they believe that social environment and experience accumulation are the main pillars for adult learners’ development and knowledge acquisition. Reference List Knowles, M. S., Holton, E. F., and Swanson, R. (2005). The Adult Learner: the definite classic in adult education and human resource development. US: Butterworth-Heinemann. MacKeracher, D. (2004). Making sense of adult learning. US: University of Toronto Press. Merriam, S. B., Caffarella, R. S., Baumgartner, L. M. (2007). Learning in adulthood: A comprehensive guide. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Coming, J. Garner, B., and Smith C. (2004). Review of Adult Learning and Literacy: Connecting Rese arch, Policy and Practice: A Project of the National Center for the Study of Adult Learning and Literacy. NJ: Routledge.Advertising Looking for research paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More

Definition of a Timber Rotation Period

Definition of a Timber Rotation Period A timber rotation period is simply the time between the establishment of a stand of trees and when that same stand is ready for a final cut. This period of years, often called the optimum rotation period, is especially important when foresters try to determine the most advantageous harvest condition in an even-aged stand of trees. When a stand is either economically mature or reaching beyond natural maturity, the rotation period has been reached and a final harvest can be planned. In any given condition, there is a best size and age to which timber should be allowed to grow. These sizes and ages can be very different depending on the desired harvest scheme used and the final timber product to be produced. What is important to know is that a premature cutting ​should  be avoided before trees reach their optimum value or, on the other hand, that trees in a stand do not grow beyond their optimum size and continued vigor. Over mature stands can result in defective tree deterioration, timber handling, and milling problems. There is also a time in maturing stands when a decreasing growth rate (of return) hurts the owners investment return. An optimum timber rotation is often based on and determined by precisely calculated criteria using the latest developments in forest statistics and the proper equipment. These criteria include measuring a stands mean diameter and height (stand size), determining the stand age in years, coring and measuring tree rings to determine the climax of mean annual increment and monitoring all these data for the onset of negative physical deterioration or when growth rates drop.

POPULAR SCIENCE ARTICLE Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

POPULAR SCIENCE - Article Example It stays this way to protect itself against adverse conditions for long periods of time, in order to wait for a better time period to grow. Through experimental incubation, these spores are revived, which seem to have come from deeper hot spots inside the ocean. These newly discovered bacteria have very similar genetic characteristics to a set of bacteria found from offshore oil reservoirs. Hubert, a PhD in petroleum microbiology states that  that surveys will be able to pinpoint the exact  place from where these microorganisms have originated. He believes they might have some interesting applications, that is, if they are coming from petroleum reservoirs. These bacteria were found to be anaerobic, as they were found in high number in the sediments. Hubert stated that a source of the bacteria could be the oil reservoir and another could be that the fluid circulation through the ocean crust at the spreading ridges where hydrothermal vents are present. While these spores are extremely helpful in tracking down marine hot spots, they also offer new information about the wild life and everything about the different variety of things here in the biosphere. The bacterial species  found  in  the  environment  hide  many  of the minor groups of bacteria that apparently  don’t seem to participate in  the  functioning  of  the  ecosystem. These dormant thermophiles can be a useful key in understanding how diverse is the marine ecosystem and how well it is maintained by the submissive spreading of cells over a large area. These arctic thermophiles can be the holders of great and important clues to solve broader riddle of biogeography and biodiversity.   The thermophiles are a form of bacteria that live and breed in hot places and kill organisms around them (Kristjà ¡nsson; p 43). These are grouped into two types, either Prokaryotes or Eukaryotes.   They breed in temperatures that range between 50C to 70C. Studying these

Financial Institutions and Markets Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Financial Institutions and Markets - Essay Example A monetary policy employed by a country can either be an expansionary monetary policy or ‘contractionary’ monetary policy. Expansionary monetary policy helps in increasing the money supply in the economy of a country at a faster rate than normal and in case of ‘contractionary’ monetary policy, the money supply increases at slower rate or even fall behind in the economy. Expansionary monetary policy is often employed to prevent unemployment during recession. It happens because of interest rates going lower which therefore attracts credit facility to be available easily for the business concerns to help themselves expand. In the United States, expansionary monetary policy is implemented through the combination of three things. They are: a) Using Open Market Operations, by purchasing securities in the open market. b) Federal Discount Rate is lowered. c) Reserve Requirements are also lowered. Now, all these three steps have a direct impact on the interest rates, including mortgage rates. This leads to increase in borrowing of mortgage loans, as well as increase in rates of capital investments by business concerns. Most countries follow an expansionary monetary policy to ensure higher economic growth and go on decreasing the interest rates. It helps in growth of employment opportunities but at the same time has its limitations too. This can only have a short term effect on the economy. In the long run, it will lead to higher inflation rate and would also affect the economy in an adverse way (Mishkin, 2007, p.39). Thus, effect on long term mortgage rates are less predictable and the effect is on a lower proportion as compared to the extent of expansionary economic measures taken by a country. This happens mainly due to two reasons. Firstly, real factors like market demand influences the long term mortgage interest rates more than the monetary factors. Secondly, the effect or impact of monetary factors operates mainly on the expected future l ong term mortgage rates (Gwartney, et. al. 2008, p.301). Although the expansionary economic measures reduce the short term mortgage interest rates, it may lead to a rise in interest rates in long term. This unpredictability problem creates a surmounting problem in creating a balance between the mortgage rates and expansionary economic measures followed by a country. Expansionary Monetary Policy Expansionary monetary policies are used by countries to help stimulate the economic growth of the country. It leads to increase in supply of money in the country. It usually leads to lowering of interest rates in the country. This in turn reduces the borrowing cost and also reduces the return on savings. This helps in increasing the aggregate demand of goods and services in the economy. People are more attracted towards investing in housing by taking loans at lower interest rates. These types of expansionary monetary policies are often employed in countries to counter the recessionary gap. It helps in reducing or preventing unemployment

Uncontrollable Jealousy Essay Example for Free

Uncontrollable Jealousy Essay Jealousy is a lethal weapon if used in the wrong hands. Jealousy is the feeling of resentment against someone’s success or advantages. In the texts, â€Å"Othello† and â€Å"How to Get into Medical School, Part l and Part ll†, the authors William Shakespeare and Vincent Lam decide to use the theme of jealousy to develop an appealing plot for the reader. The story of Fitzgerald in â€Å"How to Get into Medical School, Part l and Part ll† has the theme of jealousy written all over. The first glimpse of Fitzgerald’s envious thoughts occurs when Ming tells Fitzgerald that she gets accepted to medical school while Fitzgerald replies with a mocking â€Å"Well, congratulations, Doctor Ming† (page 16). Later on, Fitzgerald’s jealous mind turns towards Karl. â€Å"he hated knowing that his marks were soaring as a result of Karl’s study methods.† (page 60). Fitzgerald’s jealous thoughts only appear to slip out at tense moments. The jealousy throughout Fitzgerald’s role in the story creates a more interesting plot line for the reader. While the text â€Å"How to Get into Medical School, Part l and Part ll† demonstrates the theme of jealousy very well; Othello, being one of the classic Shakespearean plays, has gained its reputation for the theme of jealousy. In the novel â€Å"Othello† Iago is a victim of jealousy and causes him to act out of the ordinary. At the beginning of the plot Iago is blindsided by Othello because Othello chooses Cassio over Iago for the job of lieutenant. Jealousy takes control of Iago and causes him to plot revenge against Othello. â€Å"Till I am even’d with him, wife for wife, or failing so, yet that I put the Moor at least into a jealousy so strong that judgment cannot cure† (II, i, 299-302). Although jealousy is strongest between Iago and the Moor, the theme can also be found between Emilia and Desdemona, and Roderigo and Othello, and Desdemona and Othello. Very similar to the love triangle in â€Å"Twelfth Night† by William Shakespeare, this triangle can be found in this novel as well but replaced with jealousy. Shakespeare successfully implied the theme of jealousy into his novel â€Å"Othello†. Although used in different ways, jealousy was efficiently portrayed in both â€Å"Othello† and â€Å"How to Get into Medical School, Part l and Part ll†. The authors decided to use jealousy as the main theme because it is an interesting topic to read about and it catches the reader’s attention. Many  of the readers have had real life situations of jealousy which allows them to relate to the text more often. This will hook them onto the text much more. That is why the theme of jealousy is such a successful theme to write about. Jealousy can be used in so many different ways and can still be as effective. Jealousy is a strong theme and is capable of creating an effective plot if used correctly. The use of jealousy is very evident in both novels by Shakespeare and Vincent Lam. Both authors created a near-perfect atmosphere of jealousy for the reader. Work Cited Shakespeare, William. Othello. Vol. 1. Toronto: Harcourt Canada Ltd., 2000. Print. Lam, Vincent. Bloodletting Miraculous Cures. Toronto: Random House of Canada Ltd., 2005. Print.